Why are documents missing?
The most common reasons: war or civil war in the country of origin (Syria, Somalia, Afghanistan, Eritrea), authorities that cannot be reached, documents lost during flight, or documents that were never issued. Each of these cases has possible legal solutions.
Substitute documents and declarations in lieu of an oath
If original documents are objectively impossible to obtain, German authorities generally accept declarations in lieu of an oath (eidesstattliche Erklärung), witness statements, UNHCR documents, documents from other authorities (e.g. school certificates), and — for recognised refugees — the travel document for foreigners (Reiseausweis für Ausländer).
Country-specific rules
For Syria, Somalia and Afghanistan there is specific administrative practice: the authorities know that documents are often impossible to obtain. Simplified rules apply to recognised refugees (recognition under §3 AsylG) — authorities can waive certain documents.
Frequently asked questions
I don't have a birth certificate — what now?
A declaration in lieu of an oath (eidesstattliche Erklärung) about your place and date of birth is sufficient in many cases, especially for recognised refugees. Civitas helps you word it correctly.
I can't renew my passport from my country of origin?
If the country of origin has a persecuting government (e.g. Syria), you do not have to apply for a new passport. The authority will then accept the German travel document for foreigners (Reiseausweis für Ausländer).
What if my home country refuses to issue the documents?
If it is demonstrably impossible to obtain the documents (e.g. because the embassy refuses to cooperate), the authority can accept substitute evidence. Document every attempt you make to obtain them.